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John Landseer (1769 – 20 February 1852 London) was an English landscape engraver. ==Biography== Landseer was born in Lincoln in 1769, according to Cosmo Monkhouse, or in London in 1761, according to his son Edwin's biographer, F.G. Stephens.〔Manson (1902), p.11〕 The son of a jeweller, he was apprenticed to the engraver William Byrne. He then went to work for the publisher Thomas Macklin, noted for his illustrated edition of the Bible. He started a series ''Views of the Isle of Wight'' after pictures by Ibbetson and Turner, but publication was halted when he had only executed three plates. His largest series of engravings was ''Twenty Views of the South of Scotland'', after James Moore. Others included one after drawings of animals by Dutch artists, and another of Biblical subjects, after Raphael and others. In 1806, he delivered a series of lectures on engraving at the Royal Institution, in which he defended its status as an independent art, and criticised the issuing of inferior plates by commercially-minded publishers. The series was terminated after the sixth lecture, following protests by Josiah Boydell, who claimed that Landseer had unfairly criticised his uncle John Boydell, the leading publisher of engravings, who had died in 1804. He published the lectures in 1807, with added comments reinforcing his criticism of Boydell.〔Manson (1902), pp.13–4〕 Also in 1806, he was elected an Associate Engraver of the Royal Academy despite his dispute with the institution over their failure to admit engravers as full members.〔Manson (1902), pp.12–4〕 He had previously only exhibited there once, in 1792.〔Stephens (1880), p.7〕 Some leading engravers – including Landseer's teacher, William Byrne〔Stephens (1880), p.3〕 – chose to boycott the academy completely over the issue, but Landseer hoped to challenge its rules from within. His protests, which included petitioning the Prince Regent, proved ineffective however, and the academy's policy was not changed until after his death.〔Manson (1902), pp.12–4〕 In 1813, he lectured at the Surrey Institution on ''The Philosophy of Art''. Henry Crabb Robinson, who heard Landseer speak there, described him as "animated in style, but his animation is produced by indulgence in sarcasms, and in emphatic diction."〔Manson (1902), p.15〕 For a while he pursued an interest in archaeology, becoming a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and publishing two books on Babylonian antiquities, before returning to engraving. In 1826 he was appointed Engraver to the King, and in 1831 published a plate of ''Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Distressed Traveller'' after a picture painted by his son Edwin eleven years earlier, at the age of eighteen.〔Manson (1902), p.15–6〕 Landseer died in London on 20 February 1852, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Landseer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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